 Contents
New Page 2
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS
viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
χ
TABLE OF EARLY SEMITIC
ALPHABETS SILOAM INSCRIPTION
INTRODUCTION
§ 1. The Semitic Languages
in General 1
§ 2. Sketch of the History
of the Hebrew Language 8
§ 3. Grammatical Treatment
of the Hebrew Language 17
§ 4. Division and
Arrangement of the Grammar 22
FIRST PART
ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES, OR
THE SOUNDS AND CHARACTERS
CHAPTER I. THE INDIVIDUAL
SOUNDS AND CHARACTERS
$ 5. The Consonants: their
Forms and Names 24
§ 6. Pronunciation and
Division of Consonants 31
§ 7. The Vowels in General,
Vowel Letters and Vowel Signs 35
§ 8. The Vowel Signs in
particular 39
§ 9. Character of the
several Vowels 45
§ 10. The Half Vowels and
the Syllable Divider (Sewa) 51
§ 11. Other Signs which
affect the Reading 54
§ 12. Dages in general, and
Dages forte in particular 55
§ 13. Dages lene 56
§ 14. Mappiq and Raphe 56
§ 15. The Accents 57
§ 16. Of Maqqeph and Metheg
63
§ 17. Of the Qere and
Kethibh. Masora marginalis and finalis 65
CHAPTER II. PECULIARITIES
AND CHANGES OF LETTERS: THE SYLLABLE AND THE TONE
§ 18. In general 68
§ 19. Changes of Consonants
68
§ 20. The Strengthening
(Sharpening) of Consonants 70
§ 21. The Aspiration of the
Tenues 75
§ 22. Peculiarities of the
Gutturals 76
§ 23. The Feebleness of the
Gutturals א and
79
§ 24. Changes of the Weak
Letters ו
and 82
§ 25. Unchangeable Vowels
84
§ 26. Syllable-formation
and its Influence on the Quantity of Vowels 85
§ 27. The Change of the
Vowels, especially as regards Quantity 88
§ 28. The Rise of New
Vowels and Syllables 92
§ 29. The Tone, its
Changes, and the Pause 94
SECOND PART
ETYMOLOGY, OR THE PARTS OF
SPEECH
§ 30. Stems and Roots ;
Biliteral, Triliteral, and Quadriliteral 99
§ 31. Grammatical Structure
103
CHAPTER I. THE PRONOUN
§ 32. The Personal Pronoun.
The Separate Pronoun 105
§ 33. Pronominal Suffixes
108
§ 34. The Demonstrative
Pronoun 109
§ 35. The Article 110
§ 36. The Relative Pronoun
112
§ 37. The Interrogative and
Indefinite Pronouns 113
CHAPTER II. THE VERB
§ 38. General View 114
§ 39. Ground-form and
Derived Stems 114
§ 40. Tenses. Moods.
Flexion 117
§ 41. Variations from the
Ordinary Form of the Strong Verb 118
I. The Strong Verb.
§ 42. In general 118
A. The Pure Stem, or Qal.
§ 43. Its Form and Meaning
118
§ 44. Flexion of the
Perfect of Qal 119
§ 45. The Infinitive 122
§ 46. The Imperative 124
§ 47. The Imperfect and its
Inflexion 125
§ 48. Shortening and
Lengthening of the Imperfect and Imperative. The Jussive and Cohortative 129
§ 49. The Perfect and
Imperfect with Wäw Consecutive 132
§ 50. The Participle 136
Β. Verba
Derivativa, or Derived Conjugations.
§51. Niph'al 137
§ 52. Pi'el and Pu'al 139
§ 53. Hiph'il and Hopli'al
144
§ 54. Hithpael 149
§ 55. Less Common
Conjugations 151
§56. Quadriliterals 153
C. Strong Verb with
Pronominal Suffixes.
§ 57. In general 154
§ 58. The Pronominal
Suffixes of the Verb 155
§ 59. The Perfect with
Pronominal Suffixes . . . . .158
§ 60. Imperfect with
Pronominal Suffixes 160
§ 61. Infinitive,
Imperative and Participle with Pronominal Suffixes 162
Verbs with Gutturals.
§ 62. In general 164
§ 63. Verbs First Guttural
165
§ 64. Verbs Middle Guttural
169
§ 65. Verbs Third Guttural
171
ΙI.
The Weak Verb.
§ 66. Verbs Primae
Radicalis Nun 173
§ 67. Verbs
ע״ע 175
The Weakest Verbs (Verba
Quiescentia).
§ 68. Verbs
פ״א 184
§ 69. Verbs
פ״י . First
Class, or Verbs originally פ״ו
186
§ 70. Verbs
פ / / י .
Second Class, or Verbs properly 192
§ 71. Verbs
פ״י . Third
Class, or Verbs with Yödh assimilated 193
§ 72. Verbs V׳V
194
§ 73. Verbs middle i (vulgo
ע״י )
202
§ 74. Verbs
ל״א 205
§ 75. Verbs
ל״ה 207
§ 76. Verbs Doubly Weak 217
§ 77. Relation of the Weak
Verbs to one another 219
§ 78. Verba Defectiva 219
CHAPTER III. THE NOUN
§ 79. General View 221
§ 80. The Indication of
Gender in Nouns 222
§ 81. Derivation of Nouns
225
§ 82. Primitive Nouns 225
§ 83. Verbal Nouns in
General 226
§ 84a. Nouns derived from
the Simple Stem 227
§ 84b. Formation of Nouns
from the Intensive Stem 233
§ 85. Nouns with
Preformatives and Afformatives 235
§ 86. Denominative Nouns
239
§ 87. Of the Plural 241
§ 88. Of the Dual 244
§ 89. The Genitive and the
Construct State 247
§ 90. Real and supposed
Remains of Early Case-endings 248
§ 91. The Noun with
Pronominal Suffixes 254
§ 92. Vowel Changes in the
Noun 260
§ 93. Paradigms of
Masculine Nouns 262
§ 94. Formation of Feminine
Nouns 275
§ 95. Paradigms of Feminine
Nouns 276
§ 96. Nouns of Peculiar
Formation 281
§ 97. Numerals, (a)
Cardinal Numbers 286
§ 98. Numerals, (b) Ordinal
Numbers 292
CHAPTER IV. THE PARTICLES
§ 99. General View 293
§ 100. Adverbs 294
§ 101. Prepositions 297
§ 102. Prefixed
Prepositions 298
§ 103. Prepositions with
Pronominal Suffixes and in the Plural Form 300
§ 104. Conjunctions 305
§ 105. Interjections 307
THIRD PART
SYNTAX
CHAPTER I. THE PARTS OF
SPEECH
I. Syntax of the Verb.
A, Use of the Tenses and
Moods.
§ 106. Use of the Perfect
309
§ 107. Use of the Imperfect
313
§ 108. Use of the
Cohortative 319
§ 109. Use of the Jussive
321
§ 110
׳ .The
Imperative 324
§111. The Imperfect with
Waw Consecutive 326
§ 112. The Perfect with Wäw
Consecutive 330
Β. The
Infinitire and Participle.
§113. The Infinitive
Absolute 339
§ 114. The Infinitive
Construct 347
§ 115. Construction of the
Infinitive Construct with Subject and Object 352
§ 116. The Participles 355
C. The Government of the
Verb.
§117. The Direct
Subordination of the Noun to the Verb as Accusative of the Object. The Double
Accusative 362
§ 118. The Looser
Subordination of the Accusative to the Verb 372
§ 119. The Subordination of
Nouns to the Verb by means of Prepositions 377
§ 120. Verbal Ideas under
the Government of a Verb. Co-ordination of Complementary Verbal Ideas 385
§ 121. Construction of
Passive Verbs 387
II. Syntax of the Noun.
§ 122. Indication of the
Gender of the Noun 389
§ 123. The Representation
of Plural Ideas by means of Collectives, and by the Repetition of Words 394
§ 124. The Various Uses of
the Plural-Form 396
§ 125. Determination of
Nouns in general. Determination of Proper Names 401
§ 126. Determination by
means of the Article 404
§ 127. The Noun determined
by a following Determinate Genitive . 410
§ 128. The Indication of
the Genitive Relation by means of the Construct State 414
§ 129. Expression of the
Genitive by Circumlocution 419
§ 130. Wider Use of the
Construct State 421
§ 131. Apposition 423
§ 132. Connexion of the
Substantive with the Adjective . . .427
§ 133. The Comparison of
Adjectives. (Periphrastic expression of the Comparative and Superlative) 429
§ 134. Syntax of the
Numerals 432
III. Syntax of the Pronoun.
§ 135. The Personal Pronoun
437
§ 136. The Demonstrative
Pronoun 442
§ 137. The Interrogative
Pronoun 443
§ 138. The Relative Pronoun
444
§ 139. Expression of
Pronominal Ideas by means of Substantives 447
CHAPTER II. THE SENTENCE
I. The Sentence in General.
§ 140. Noun-clauses,
Verbal-clauses, and the Compound Sentence 450
§ 141. The Noun-clause 451
§ 142. The Verbal-clause
455
§ 143. The Compound
Sentence 457
§ 144. Peculiarities in the
Representation of the Subject (especially in the Verbal-clause) 459
§ 145. Agreement between
the Members of a Sentence, especially between Subject and Predicate, in respect
of Gender and Number 462
§ 146. Construction of
Compound Subjects 467
§ 147. Incomplete Sentences
469
II. Special Kinds of
Sentences.
§ 148. Exclamations 471
§ 149. Sentences which
express an Oath or Asseveration 471
§ 150. Interrogative
Sentences 473
§ 151. Desiderative
Sentences 476
§ 152. Negative Sentences
478
§ 153. Restrictive and
Intensive Clauses 483
§ 154. Sentences connected
by Wäw 484
§ 155. Relative Clauses 485
§ 156. Circumstantial
Clauses 489
§ 157. Object-clauses (Oratio
Obliqua) 491
§ 158. Causal Clauses 492
§ 159. Conditional
Sentences 493
§ 160. Concessive Clauses
498
§ 161. Comparative Clauses
499
§ 162. Disjunctive
Sentences 500
§ 163. Adversative and
Exceptive Clauses 500
§ 164. Temporal Clauses 501
§ 165. Final Clauses 503
§ 166. Consecutive Clauses
504
§ 167. Aposiopesis,
Anacoluthon, Involved Series of Sentences 505
PARADIGMS 507
INDEX OF SUBJECTS
533
INDEX OF HEBREW WORDS
544
INDEX OF PASSAGES
565
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