PREFACE
CHAPTER I: Labor, Crafts and Trade
in the Bible
1. Sheep and
Cattle Raising
2. Agriculture
3. Arts and Crafts
4. The Medical
Profession
5. The Wailing
Women
6. Levites and
Priests
7. Traders and
Peddlers
8. Scribes
9. Indolence
Condemned
CHAPTER II: Industry and Trade in
the Hellenistic Age
1. Ecclesiastes on
Labor
2. Ben Sira's
Views on Labor, Commerce and Crafts
3. Economic
Progress during the Hasmonean Age
CHAPTER III: Occupational
Structure of the Rabbis
1. General
Characteristics of the Rabbinate
2. Rabbis in
Agriculture and Industry
3. Viniculture
4. Rabbinic Land
Surveyor — Rab Adda
5. Woodchopper and
Shepherd — R. Akiba
6. Animal Hire
Service — R. Jose of Yodkart
7. Rabbis and
Agricultural Laborers
8. Rabbis in
Business — Silk Trade and Other Commercial Activities
9. Rabbis as
Schoolteachers and Educators
10. Rabbis as
Professional Preachers
11. Rabbinic
Scribes
12. Rabbis as
Physicians
13. Rabbinic
Craftsmen
14. Miscellaneous
Rabbinic Occupations
15. Occupations of
Early Christians
CHAPTER IV: Rabbinic Attitude to
Physical Labor
1. Moral Value of
Work
2. Divine
Blessings depend on Human Efforts
3. Work essential
for Human Dignity
4. Merit of Labor
more potent than Fathers' Merit
5. Miracles due to
Work
6. Labor as Part
of Divine Plan since Adam
7. Abraham and
Isaac — Labor in the Promised Land
8. Israel's Work
on the Tabernacle — Condition of Divine Presence
9. "Six Days you
shall Labor"
10. Tree-Planting
in the Land of Israel
11. The Divine
Worker — The Craftsman's Pride in his Work
12. Craftsmen,
Scholars and Pilgrims
13. Legal
Privileges of Craftsmen and Laborers
14. Work as a
Social Necessity
15. Torah and a
Worldly Occupation
16. Work
Obligatory for Wives
17. Work Essential
for Prolonging Life
18. "Love Work"
19. He who will
not work, neither shall he eat
20. Monotonous and
Uninteresting Work not to be shunned
21. Indolence
Condemned
22. How to "find"
Work
23. Labor honors
the worker
24. Hard Work as a
Cure for Colds
25. Dissenting
Views due to Hellenistic Influence
26. Importance of
Craft Skills
27. Craft Skill as
Social Security
28. Craft
Education
29. Son should
follow Father's trade
30. Study and Work
— Antidote to Sin
31. Work in the
Scheme of Life
32. Maimonides and
the Three-Hour Workday
33. Equality of
Laborer and Scholar
34. Minimum of
Study — Maximum of Work
35. Abandonment of
Studies for Vocational Career
36. Torah Study as
Exclusive or Principal Vocation
37. Study and Work
in Equal Proportions
38. Torah and
Commerce
39. Higher
Education for "Eaters of Manna"
40. Torah for
Israel, Labor for Gentiles
41. No Blessing in
Manual Work
42. Dislike of
Economic Activity due to Self-Sacrifice for Torah
43. Prosperous and
Poverty-stricken Students
44. Want and
Destitution for the Sake of Learning
45. Martyrdom on
the Altar of Torah
CHAPTER V: The Occupational
Structure of the Jews in the Talmudic Age
1. Agriculture
2. Building
3. Textile
Industry
4. Pottery
5. Glass Industry
6. Metal Industry
and Arms Manufacture
7. Marketing and
Trading Activities
8. Commercial
Ethics — Price Control
9. Private
Enterprise — Legal Problems
10. Jewish
Occupations in the Roman-Hellenistic Dispora
CHAPTER VI: Recommended and
Undesirable Trades
1. "Clean and
Easy" Crafts
2. Commerce and
Business Education
3. Trading in
Sacred Commodities
4. Bookkeeping and
Accountancy
5. Agriculture
6. Sheep and Goat
Breeding
7. Medicine
8. Morally
Undesirable Trades
9. Bloodletting
10. Prison
Administration
11. Peddlers
12. Tanners
13. Weavers
14. Artistic
Weavers
15. Launderers
16. Transport
Workers — Ass-Drivers and Camel-Drivers
17. Herdsmen and
Shepherds
18. Storekeepers
19. Sailors
20. Ritual
Slaughterers and Butchers
21. Hunters
22. Fishermen
CHAPTER VII: Vocational Training —
Masters
and Apprentices
1. Biblical and
Hellenistic Periods
2. Shepherd
Apprentices
3. Roman Age
4. Apprenticeship
Agreements
5. Unsuitable
Applicants for Apprenticeship
6. Duration of
Apprenticeship
7. Relationship
between Master and Apprentice
8. Refusal to
teach a Craft
Bibliography
List of Abbreviations
General Index
Register
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